Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code. It uses ciphers to transform plain text into disguised text. Types of ciphers Caesar cipher This method uses alphabets shifted to the left by one alphabet. eg. hello => ifmmp 2. Atbash cipher This method uses reverse alphabetical order to cipher plain text. eg.… Read More Cryptography
Pipelining is a way to reduce cycles per instruction. It allows the next instruction to process before the current instruction has completed. Pipelines are complicated to implement. It can cause problems because instructions can be dependent on each other. These problems are called hazards. Types of hazards There are two types of hazards: Data hazard… Read More Pipelining Hazards
In this method, we do not change the data or add new data, we just transform the existing data in a more understandable and presentable form.… Read More Attribute Construction
Data cleaning is the first step in data preprocessing. Data cleaning is the process of filling in missing values, reducing noise and correcting inconsistencies in the data.… Read More Data Cleaning – Part I
Noisy Data
It’s not a single instruction performance that counts but rather how long does it take for the entire program to run. The solution is to execute multiple instructions at the same time which is known as Instruction Level Parallelism. All instructions don’t have to be executed one after another if they are not dependent on… Read More Instruction Level Parallelism
ISA is also known as Computer Architecture. There are two styles of Instruction Set Architecture. CISC or Complex Instruction Set Computer. CISC instruction carries a lot of information and does a lot of work. RISC or Reduced Instruction Set Computer has a number of small instructions that can be carried out quickly and do not contain… Read More Instruction Set Architecture
Computers naturally use binary numbers. A binary number consists of 8 bits. 8 bits make up one byte. Computers group bits by the powers of 2. Modern computers are 32 bit or 64 bit which means that they deal naturally with numbers of this size. This natural unit of 32 or 64 bits is called… Read More Introduction to Computer Architecture
